Calf Muscles: The calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus) are located at the back of the lower leg and play a key role in walking, running, and jumping. Injuries & Illnesses: Calf strains, Achilles tendonitis, compartment syndrome, calf muscle cramps. Specialists: Orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, podiatrists. Procedures & Therapies: Physical therapy (stretching and strengthening), massage therapy, ice therapy, calf muscle surgery, gait retraining.